schrodinger是谁（schrodinger）

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本文目录一览：

• 1、什么是Schrodinger方程
• 2、埃尔温·薛定谔的英文简介
• 3、Schrodinger的简介？其建树有哪些？

什么是Schrodinger方程

就是薛定谔方程。在低速情况下描述微观物质运动规律的一套理论。更广义的描述参照相对论量子力学。

当法国物理学家德布罗意的“微观粒子也像光一样具有波粒二象性”的假说被美国物理学家戴维逊和革末利用“电子的晶体粉末散射实验”证实后，薛定谔通过类比光谱公式成功地发现了可以描述微观粒子运动状态的方法--薛定谔方程。

薛定谔方程是量子力学的基本方程，它揭示了微观物理世界物质运动的基本规律，就像牛顿定律在经典力学中所起的作用一样，它是原子物理学中处理一切非相对论问题的有力工具，在原子、分子、固体物理、核物理、化学等领域中被广泛应用。

量子力学中求解粒子问题常归结为解薛定谔方程或定态薛定谔方程。薛定谔方程广泛地用于原子物理、核物理和固体物理，对于原子、分子、核、固体等一系列问题中求解的结果都与实际符合得很好。

薛定谔方程仅适用于速度不太大的非相对论粒子，其中也没有包含关于粒子自旋的描述。当涉及相对论效应时，薛定谔方程由相对论量子力学方程所取代，其中自然包含了粒子的自旋。

.薛定谔提出的量子力学基本方程

。建立于

1926年。它是一个非相对论的波动方程。它反映了描述微观粒子的状态随时间变化的规律，它在量子力学中的地位相当于牛顿定律对于经典力学一样，是量子力学的基本假设之一。设描述微观粒子状态的波函数为Ψ(r，t)，质量为m的微观粒子在势场V(r，t)中运动的薛定谔方程为。在给定初始条件和边界条件以及波函数所满足的单值、有限、连续的条件下，可解出波函数Ψ(r，t)。由此可计算粒子的分布概率和任何可能实验的平均值(期望值)。当势函数V不依赖于时间t时，粒子具有确定的能量，粒子的状态称为定态。定态时的波函数可写成式中Ψ(r)称为定态波函数，满足定态薛定谔方程，这一方程在数学上称为本征方程，式中E为本征值，是定态能量，Ψ(r)又称为属于本征值E的本征函数。

量子力学中求解粒子问题常归结为解薛定谔方程或定态薛定谔方程。薛定谔方程广泛地用于原子物理、核物理和固体物理，对于原子、分子、核、固体等一系列问题中求解的结果都与实际符合得很好。

薛定谔方程仅适用于速度不太大的非相对论粒子，其中也没有包含关于粒子自旋的描述。当计及相对论效应时，薛定谔方程由相对论量子力学方程所取代，其中自然包含了粒子的自旋。

埃尔温·薛定谔的英文简介

Erwin Schrödinger

Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander Schrödinger (German pronunciation: [ˈɛrviːn ˈʃrøːdɪŋɐ]; 12 August 1887 – 4 January 1961) was an Austrian theoretical physicist who achieved fame for his contributions to quantum mechanics, especially the Schrödinger equation, for which he received the Nobel Prize in 1933. In 1935, after extensive correspondence with personal friend Albert Einstein, he proposed the Schrödinger's cat thought experiment.

Early years

In 1887 Schrödinger was born in Vienna, Austria to Rudolf Schrödinger (cerecloth producer, botanist) and Georgine Emilia Brenda (daughter of Alexander Bauer, Professor of Chemistry, k.u.k. Technische Hochschule Vienna). His mother was half Austrian and half English; the English side of her family came from Leamington Spa. Schrödinger learned English and German almost at the same time due to the fact that both were spoken in the family household. His father was a Catholic and his mother was a Lutheran. In 1898 he attended the Akademisches Gymnasium. Between 1906 and 1910 Schrödinger studied in Vienna under Franz Serafin Exner (1849 - 1926) and Friedrich Hasenöhrl (1874 - 1915). He also conducted experimental work with K.W.F. Kohlrausch.In 1911, Schrödinger became an assistant to Exner. At an early age, Schrödinger was strongly influenced by Schopenhauer. As a result of his extensive reading of Schopenhauer's works, he became deeply interested throughout his life in color theory, philosophy, perception, and eastern religion, especially Vedanta.

Middle years

In 1914 Erwin Schrödinger achieved Habilitation (venia legendi). Between 1914 and 1918 he participated in war work as a commissioned officer in the Austrian fortress artillery (Gorizia, Duino, Sistiana, Prosecco, Vienna). On 6 April 1920, Schrödinger married Annemarie Bertel. The same year, he became the assistant to Max Wien, in Jena, and in September 1920 he attained the position of ao. Prof. (Ausserordentlicher Professor), roughly equivalent to Reader (UK) or associate professor (US), in Stuttgart. In 1921, he became o. Prof. (Ordentlicher Professor, i.e. full professor), in Breslau (now Wrocław, Poland).

In 1921, he moved to the University of Zürich. In January 1926, Schrödinger published in the Annalen der Physik the paper "Quantisierung als Eigenwertproblem" [tr. Quantization as an Eigenvalue Problem] on wave mechanics and what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. In this paper he gave a "derivation" of the wave equation for time independent systems, and showed that it gave the correct energy eigenvalues for the hydrogen-like atom. This paper has been universally celebrated as one of the most important achievements of the twentieth century, and created a revolution in quantum mechanics, and indeed of all physics and chemistry. A second paper was submitted just four weeks later that solved the quantum harmonic oscillator, the rigid rotor and the diatomic molecule, and gives a new derivation of the Schrödinger equation. A third paper in May showed the equivalence of his approach to that of Heisenberg and gave the treatment of the Stark effect. A fourth paper in this most remarkable series showed how to treat problems in which the system changes with time, as in scattering problems. These papers were the central achievement of his career and were at once recognized as having great significance by the physics community.

In 1927, he succeeded Max Planck at the Friedrich Wilhelm University in Berlin. In 1933, however, Schrödinger decided to leave Germany; he disliked the Nazis' anti-semitism. He became a Fellow of Magdalen College at the University of Oxford. Soon after he arrived, he received the Nobel Prize together with Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac. His position at Oxford did not work out; his unconventional personal life (Schrödinger lived with two women) was not met with acceptance. In 1934, Schrödinger lectured at Princeton University; he was offered a permanent position there, but did not accept it. Again, his wish to set up house with his wife and his mistress may have posed a problem. He had the prospect of a position at the University of Edinburgh but visa delays occurred, and in the end he took up a position at the University of Graz in Austria in 1936.

In the midst of these tenure issues in 1935, after extensive correspondence with personal friend Albert Einstein, he proposed the Schrödinger's cat thought experiment.

Later years

In 1939, after the Anschluss, Schrödinger had problems because of his flight from Germany in 1933 and his known opposition to Nazism. He issued a statement recanting this opposition (he later regretted doing so, and he personally apologized to Einstein). However, this did not fully appease the new dispensation and the university dismissed him from his job for political unreliability. He suffered harassment and received instructions not to leave the country, but he and his wife fled to Italy. From there he went to visiting positions in Oxford and Ghent Universities.

In 1940 he received an invitation to help establish an Institute for Advanced Studies in Dublin, Ireland. He moved to Clontarf, Dublin and became the Director of the School for Theoretical Physics and remained there for 17 years, during which time he became a naturalized Irish citizen. He wrote about 50 further publications on various topics, including his explorations of unified field theory.

In 1944, he wrote What is Life?, which contains a discussion of Negentropy and the concept of a complex molecule with the genetic code for living organisms. According to James D. Watson's memoir, DNA, The Secret of Life, Schrödinger's book gave Watson the inspiration to research the gene, which led to the discovery of the DNA double helix structure. Similarly, Francis Crick, in his autobiographical book What Mad Pursuit, described how he was influenced by Schrödinger's speculations about how genetic information might be stored in molecules. Schrödinger stayed in Dublin until retiring in 1955. During this time he remained committed to his particular passion; scandalous involvements with students occurred and he fathered two children by two different Irish women. He had a life-long interest in the Vedanta philosophy of Hinduism, which influenced his speculations at the close of What is Life? about the possibility that individual consciousness is only a manifestation of a unitary consciousness pervading the universe.

In 1956, he returned to Vienna (chair ad personam). At an important lecture during the World Energy Conference he refused to speak on nuclear energy because of his skepticism about it and gave a philosophical lecture instead. During this period Schrödinger turned from mainstream quantum mechanics' definition of wave-particle duality and promoted the wave idea alone causing much controversy.

Personal life

Schrödinger decided in 1933 that he could not live in a country in which persecution of Jews had become a national policy. Alexander Frederick Lindemann, the head of physics at Oxford University, visited Germany in the spring of 1933 to try to arrange positions in England for some young Jewish scientists from Germany. He spoke to Schrödinger about posts for one of his assistants and was surprised to discover that Schrödinger himself was interested in leaving Germany. Schrödinger asked for a colleague, Arthur March, to be offered a post as his assistant.

The request for March stemmed from Schrödinger's unconventional relationships with women. Whilst his relations with his wife were good he had had many lovers with his wife's knowledge. Anny had her own lover for many years, Schrödinger's friend Hermann Weyl. Schrödinger asked for March to be his assistant because, at that time, he was in love with March's wife Hilde.

Many of the scientists who had left Germany spent the summer of 1933 in the Italian province of Bolzano. Here Hilde became pregnant with Schrödinger's child. On 4 November 1933 Schrödinger, his wife and Hilde March arrived in Oxford. Schrödinger had been elected a fellow of Magdalen College. Soon after they arrived in Oxford, Schrödinger heard that, for his work on wave mechanics, he had been awarded the Nobel prize.

In early 1934 Schrödinger was invited to lecture at Princeton University and while there he was made an offer of a permanent position. On his return to Oxford he negotiated about salary and pension conditions at Princeton but in the end he did not accept. It is thought that the fact that he wished to live at Princeton with Anny and Hilde both sharing the upbringing of his child was not found acceptable. The fact that Schrödinger openly had two wives, even if one of them was married to another man, was not well received in Oxford either. Nevertheless, his daughter Ruth Georgie Erica was born there on 30 May 1934.

On 4 January 1961, Schrödinger died in Vienna of tuberculosis at the age of 73. He left a widow, Anny (born Annemarie Bertel on 3 December 1896, died 3 October 1965), and was buried in Alpbach, Austria.

Schrodinger的简介？其建树有哪些？

E.Schrodinger(1887.8.12~1961.1.4): 薛定格

出生于奥地利维也纳。创立了量子理论的波动力学（提出了Schrodinger方程）。1933年获得Nobel物理学奖。[1]

薛定谔（Erwin Schrödinger，1887年8月12日－1961年1月4日），又译薛丁格，原名埃尔温·鲁道夫·约瑟夫·亚历山大·施罗丁格（Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander Schrödinger），生于维也纳埃德伯格（Wien Erdberg），卒于维也纳。奥地利理论物理学家，量子力学的奠基人之一。1933年和英国物理学家狄拉克共同获得了诺贝尔物理学奖，被称为量子物理学之父。

他的父亲鲁道夫·施罗丁格是生产油布和防水布的工厂主同时也是一名园艺家。她的母亲格鲁吉亚娜·艾米莉·布兰达是维也纳高等技术大学的教授亚历山大·鲍尔的女儿。1926年他提出著名的薛定谔方程，为量子力学奠定了坚实的基础。方程的提出只是稍晚于沃纳·海森堡的矩阵力学学说，此方程至今仍被认为是绝对的标准，它使用了物理学上所通用的语言即微分方程。这使薛定谔一举成名，他还在同年证明了自己的波动力学是与海森堡和玻恩的矩阵力学在数学上是等价的。

1937年被授予马克斯·普朗克奖章。

1944年薛定谔出版了《生命是什么》，此书中提出了负熵（Negentropie）的概念。他自己发展了分子生物学，想通过用物理的语言来描述生物学中的课题。他还发表了许多的科普论文，它们至今仍然是进入到广义相对论和统计力学的世界的最好向导。

最著名的思想实验是薛定谔的猫，在这个试验中他把量子力学中的反直观的效果转嫁到日常生活中的事物上来，并想以此来表达他对想要用一般的统计学说来解释量子物理的拒绝。

此外薛定谔还发表了50余本著作涉及到不同的题目，还进行了统一的语义场论的努力。他的肖像也曾被印在奥地利1000先令的钞票上。

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